The quality of today ’s high-resolution mobile displays has been greatly improved, the cost of mobile content storage is rapidly decreasing, 3G mobile networks support broadband download speeds, and low-power media processing performance has also been significantly improved. All these technologies are driving the next generation. The functions of complex mobile phones and portable media products will leap forward in quality. If the mobile video market wants to cross the early trial stage, equipment manufacturers must break through the limits of current technology and realize high-definition mobile multimedia products.
Future mobile phones will be able to record and play high-definition videos, and the current coarse-grained, low-resolution camera phones will become history. The advanced features of current digital cameras: automatic exposure compensation, optical correction, image stabilization, red-eye removal, and face detection will all be applied to mobile phones to achieve high-quality still photo capture. 3D game performance will also be comparable to handheld video players. Eventually, mobile devices will be able to play high-definition video in almost any format and output it to a high-definition TV through the HDMI interface.
High-definition consumer applications are a key component of future mobile multimedia. However, with this significant change in the prospect of wireless multimedia, it is necessary to design to meet the stringent performance and power requirements in order to achieve the difficult challenge of mobile high-definition devices. To meet this challenge, low-power multimedia processing technology must be used. Design engineers must adopt new standards and fully consider the high-definition possibilities and challenges and related processing architectures.
Mobile high-definition video playback
With the increase of cellular bandwidth and the popularization of WiFi, more and more consumers will download videos to their mobile phones and mobile media players. The Internet is the main source of video today. In January 2008, more than 9.8 billion videos were watched online in the United States alone, one third of which came from YouTube. Other sources include video sharing sites, audio and video sites, and television networks that provide online albums.
For users who want to watch these videos on their mobile phones, mobile multimedia processors must recognize and support many video encoding standards. Table 1 lists the various video codecs currently in use. Content compatibility is the key to supporting the ideal goal of "view any content anywhere". To promote the popularity of mobile video, users do not need to know what format or resolution their device supports. Users may not be able to watch high-definition encoded video in full HD on their phones, but they want to be able to play it on their phones and send it to television to watch high-definition content.
As shown in Table 1, many applications have a tendency to shift to the H.264 video standard, because H.264 has a high coding and decoding efficiency. H.264 has different categories for various types of applications from low-resolution video conferencing to HDTV. In order to maximize compatibility, mobile devices should support the H.264 baseline category, as well as the main and higher-end categories with greater computing power, the latter using a more efficient CABAC (Content Adaptive Binary Operational Coding) lossless compression technology. The H.264 high-end category can provide higher quality at a specified bit rate and is the preferred video coding standard for high-definition Blu-ray discs.
Although H.264 has become the mainstream of current video coding standards, with the continuous development of technology, a successful mobile multimedia architecture also needs to support future media standards. By adopting a certain degree of software programmable features, a successful mobile multimedia architecture will support the rapid integration of new features and new applications, as well as support for the evolution of new audio and video codecs in the future.
The battery life of mobile phones or mobile media devices is an important consideration when designing video playback capabilities. To decode high-quality pictures from very small files, usually requires a strong processing power. Mobile devices want to support several hours of video playback while retaining sufficient battery life. The video decoding power of the mobile multimedia processor must be less than 200mW, including graphics memory. A device with high efficiency and decoding 720p high-definition video only needs 160mW, can play 6 hours of video when using a typical 900mAH mobile phone battery.
Considering the various use cases of mobile video playback, users are likely to want to watch videos on both mobile phones and televisions. To achieve this goal, the multimedia processor must include a powerful zoom engine that can simultaneously zoom and display images on displays of completely different sizes. To support simultaneous video playback on analog TV and HDTV, the processor should use on-chip analog circuits to support composite, S-video, or HDMI interfaces.
Table 1: Mainstream video players and related codecs.
Mobile high-definition camera
In addition to decoding high-definition videos so that users can play them on mobile phones, future wireless technologies will help users record high-quality high-definition videos on mobile devices. Although some mobile phones currently support video recording, they all use the low-resolution QVGA format, which can only produce coarse-grained, low-quality video. Although playing high-definition video on mobile phones is a major advancement in the field of mobile media, the use of mobile devices to record high-definition video with a quality far exceeding QVGA represents a greater progress in this industry.
When considering the requirement to record high-quality video with mobile devices, it is very surprising that the image sensor is not the main factor. On the contrary, efficient video coding and video signal processing (ISP) are the most important factors. The processing power required to encode video on a mobile device is much greater than decoding the same video.
The 1 million pixel image sensor can easily capture 921,600 pixels generated from high-definition 720p images (1,280x720 pixels), so the main challenge is not the sensor. The difficulty comes from the fact that these frames of 1 million pixels must be recorded at a rate of 30 per second, which is equivalent to 264Mb / s of raw data stream per second. In addition, to include advanced features such as image correction, anti-shake, autofocus, noise reduction, and exposure control required to produce high-quality, high-definition video, the ISP pipeline must process these data in real time. Using the correct video encoding and ISP architecture, using H.264 high-end compression, 720p video can be compressed from a huge 264Mb / s per second to manageable 2 to 5Mb / s per second, equivalent to recording an hour of video content only 2GB required.
With the rapid increase in flash memory capacity and the rapid decline in prices, mobile multimedia devices are expected to contain 4 to 16GB of memory in the future, or even more. From a memory perspective, there is no problem in supporting long-term high-definition video recording, as long as high-definition encoding has a sufficiently high efficiency.
It is not enough to realize the management and compression of huge mobile video materials. It must be done with low enough power to make the battery of the mobile phone have enough time to use. Video coding using the H.264 high-end category has a power-optimized multimedia architecture that can do the job. When the processing power of high-quality and high-definition recording (including drawing memory) is less than 450mW, the time for recording audio and video on a mobile phone using a standard battery can be up to several hours. Under the condition of meeting the processor power specifications, users can record up to 3 hours of high-definition video on their mobile phones. The high-definition and high-quality photography functions provided by mobile phones will greatly increase the level of content generated by users, help promote the widespread adoption of mobile multimedia applications, and further expand the scope of web-based video sharing applications.
The era of high definition is coming
Now is a good time for innovative design engineers to develop future mobile devices. Designing enough processing functions to assist mobile phones and other multimedia devices to play and record high-definition video is facing the situation where business opportunities and challenges coexist.
Broadcom recently introduced a multimedia processor BCM2727, which allows consumers to record and play high-definition video on the mobile phone, capture high-quality photos, and can also execute 3D games. The BCM2727 VideoCore III multimedia processor uses H.264 high-end compression technology to provide 720p high-definition encoding and decoding functions under low power consumption, enabling mobile high-definition applications.
Some mobile phone and portable media player companies are designing next-generation high-definition mobile devices. In the next few years, mobile phone users around the world will be able to watch and record high-quality, high-definition videos, capture high-quality photos, and execute 3D games on their phones.
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