"Small series, I installed the machine to buy more power suitable, right? How much power does it consume in a day?" Today, a small partner asked this question. If you simply answer that a power supply over 500W will work, it's certainly not wrong, but do you know how much electricity a computer actually uses? And how long can a computer run on a single charge? Let's take a closer look today.
**What is 1 kWh?**
It's hard to say exactly. One kilowatt-hour (kWh) is equivalent to running a 1000W appliance at full load for one hour. However, computers are dynamic and their power consumption isn't constant. So, it's difficult to give an exact figure.
Another important point is that the power supply's rated wattage doesn't directly equal the actual power consumption. For example, a 500W power supply doesn't mean your computer will use 0.5 kWh per hour. It means the power supply can deliver 500W continuously under stable conditions. Additionally, power supplies have peak power capabilities—some can handle up to 650W for short bursts. Also, power supplies have some internal losses during voltage conversion, which affects overall efficiency.
This brings us to the 80Plus certification. The 80Plus program promotes energy-efficient power supplies by setting efficiency standards. There are six levels: White, Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum, and Titanium. Each level has different efficiency requirements. For instance, a White certification requires at least 80% efficiency at 20%, 50%, and 100% load, with a power factor of no less than 0.9 at 100% load.
**Who is the biggest power consumer?**
Contrary to what many think, the CPU isn't the main power user. High-end CPUs may have TDP ratings of 65W, 90W, or higher, but that's just a thermal design power, not actual power usage. The real heavy hitter is the discrete graphics card. Even when idle, its power consumption can be higher than some CPUs.
Here’s a rough ranking of power consumption:
1. Discrete Graphics Card
2. CPU
3. Motherboard
4. Hard Drive
5. RAM
6. Keyboard and Mouse
Note that hard drives are particularly sensitive to power fluctuations, especially if you have multiple drives installed. This increases the demand for peak power from your system, so it's something to keep in mind.
**How much power is enough?**
Computers are unique because their power needs vary depending on the workload. Calculating exact power consumption is tricky, so most people rely on experience or online tools. While these methods aren’t 100% precise, they’re still very useful for choosing the right power supply.
One helpful tool is the Power Supply Calculator. Just visit [http://www.powercalculator.com](http://www.powercalculator.com) in your browser. Select your device type (desktop, server, mini PC), motherboard, and other components. Some devices may require you to specify quantities (e.g., "2 x GPU").
After selecting all your components, click "Calculate." The "Load Wattage" shows the total power needed, while the "Recommended PSU Wattage" suggests the best size for your system. For example, if the calculator says 388W is needed, it recommends a 438W power supply. A 450W unit would be a safe choice, as it accounts for inefficiencies and leaves room for future upgrades.
In summary, understanding your computer's power needs is essential for stability and future-proofing. Always choose a power supply that offers a bit more capacity than calculated to ensure smooth operation and flexibility for any future additions.
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