In the face of the real pressure of climate change and global warming, a new energy revolution is emerging in the world. Under this environment, the development of “smart energy conservation†has become a world trend and has begun to extend into the family. Compared with the traditional one-way power supply mode of the power system, the application of the Internet of Things concept to the Home Energy Management System (HEMS) allows the power company and consumers to interact in real time and interact in two directions, thus effectively managing and Control the use of home energy to achieve energy savings.
The continuous increase in power demand is a common problem faced by global power companies today. In China, for example, the total electricity consumption of the whole society has increased from 3.643 billion kWh in 2009 to 5,533.3 billion kWh in 2014. Up to 8.68%. In the past, the power company's solution to the problem of insufficient power supply was to build a power plant. However, in recent years, it has faced environmental pressures. The power company has gradually turned to the management demand side to ease the power supply pressure. The development of Demand Side Management (DSM) measures has become a new way for power companies and clients to achieve a win-win situation, and the focus has been extended from the industrial and commercial sectors to the home.
The traditional power demand surface management refers to the management activities of power companies through incentives and price incentives, such as high and low peak electricity price differential rates, thereby improving end-user power efficiency, changing power consumption and lowering peak power demand. However, household users have the characteristics of “less power consumption, more users, and complex compositionâ€, making it difficult to promote power demand management measures. For power companies, power demand management is difficult to implement and benefits are difficult to highlight. On the other hand, users can only know the electricity consumption when they receive the electricity bill every month. Even if they are willing to cooperate with the adjustment of electricity consumption, it is difficult to start with limited information, and the content of the power demand management plan is complex. It is difficult for the public to understand that the electricity bills that can be saved are also limited, which in turn affects the willingness of ordinary users to participate.
The Internet of Things creates new value for smart energy
With the popularity of home area networks and smart mobile phones, and the rapid development of Internet of Things applications, smart home energy management products have become more intimate and more powerful, significantly reducing the entry barriers and costs of general household participation in power demand management. In addition, after the introduction of IoT technology, coupled with cloud computing and massive data analysis applications, energy management products will not only collect data, but more importantly, the application value that can be created after collecting analytical data.
Smart meter is a typical example of IoT in home energy management applications. Compared with traditional electricity meters, electricity meters are no longer just tools for calculating electricity charges. Smart meters will record electricity usage information intensively, and transmit electricity data to power companies in real time. Users, even energy service providers. Smart meters can help power companies to more accurately grasp the trend of power demand and improve the ability of power grid forecasting and dispatching; consumers can grasp the actual power changes, and adjust the power consumption behavior with the changes in electricity prices, so that the people can switch from passive energy consumers to active Participants, and thus save on electricity bills.
The complete HEMS can be further combined with smart meters, home area networks, smart sockets, home energy gateways, smart appliances, renewable energy and energy storage devices. Through the energy management application platform, analyze the cost of equipment in the home to provide energy-saving advice. Set energy conservation goals, provide energy warning and other services. It can also assist users to actively use ESC under the comfort of convenience. For example, during peak hours when electricity costs are relatively high, the high-energy-consuming appliances are automatically turned off or adjusted, and the stored renewable energy is sold to the power company at a high price.
Consumer awareness is the biggest obstacle to market development
There are two obstacles to the development of the family energy management products market: 1. The problem of interconnection and interconnection between household equipment, 2. The lack of incentives for consumers to purchase. Interworking between home devices is a common problem in the development of smart homes, and will not be repeated here. Another hindrance comes from the fact that consumers are not interested in using energy management products to save energy, especially in places where electricity prices are low, and consumers are questioning whether investment can be saved through the savings in electricity bills.
In the past, Google PowerMeter failed to save energy. Therefore, even if the software is provided free of charge, it is still not enough to attract users to actively use the Internet. In addition, the cooperation with the power company is not tight enough, lack of profit source support, and ultimately the number of users. The need to terminate the service situation shows that the business model has its shortcomings. In order to overcome this market obstacle, energy management vendors currently have two major development directions, including “finding other people to buy energy management products for consumers†and “creating new value demands in combination with other applicationsâ€.
Finding other people to buy energy management products for consumers is the main mode for many companies to ensure the source of profits. Recently, the newly-invested companies Opower, C3 Energy and Nest have all developed in this direction. Mainly by assisting power companies to perform demand response, conduct energy data analysis or construct an energy management platform that attracts consumers, the power company pays and provides products and services to consumers for free.
Home energy management products and other consumer demand links create value for another development thinking. At present, the main integration areas include home security, health, audio and video entertainment. For example, Schneider cooperates with security operator Alarm.com to integrate its Wiser HEMS with Alarm.com's Connected Home platform for residential power generation and load control energy management; Japan's water storage houses combine HEMS and health sensors to provide health management functions; TV service company Comcast has partnered with energy management solutions company EcoFactor to enter the home energy management market.
Opower provides personalized energy saving advice by analyzing smart meter data
Opower, a US energy management software company, is one of the few energy management startups in the US in recent years. Its customers are mainly power companies. Currently, there are 95 power company customers in the world, covering more than 5,000 enterprises and home users. Opower helps power companies promote energy-saving behaviors and improve customer service by analyzing the vast energy use and customer data provided by power companies. For example, Opower will use a variety of communication channels such as e-mail, mobile phones, paper, etc. to send personalization. Warning messages and specific power-saving recommendations to assist utilities in driving consumers to use time-rate tariff plans.
Increasing the adhesion to consumers is the key to Opowe's relationship with utility customers, and Opower combines massive data analysis and behavioral science to enhance service content. All of Opower's products are built on massive data analysis. To classify energy users in a customized way, Opower uses the Apache Hadoop architecture to combine data, thermostats, weather and other data from millions of power customers. Information storage, analysis and interaction capabilities provide consumer insights such as consumer best rate plans and optimal energy efficiency levels.
In addition, in view of the fact that energy users are not uniformly defined groups, users must understand different characteristics, use a variety of communication channels, and carry out different marketing methods. Opower pioneered behavioral science and technology applied to the energy management market. Opower uses behavioral science. From the perspective of non-price incentives that affect consumer psychology, to drive consumers to change behavior. For example, through behavioral science research, it is found that competition is the best way to motivate groups. Therefore, Opower combines environmental awareness and games to stimulate and influence consumers' energy use through mutual incentives and influences.
Japanese companies form alliances to create a new HEMS business model
Japan accelerated the popularization of smart meters and HEMS after the 311 earthquake. In view of the fact that HEMS promotion still faces obstacles to development that are not cost-effective, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan has invested 4 billion yen to promote the “large-scale HEMS intelligence infrastructure maintenance businessâ€. The program will be demonstrated in 14,000 households from September 2014 to establish a technical basis for HEMS data utilization, such as information transfer standardization review and privacy protection mechanism, and to explore the application direction of HEMS data commercialization.
In order to solve the problem of data application interoperability, the program is led by NTT East Japan, KDDI, Softbank and Panasonic. It is establishing a unified application programming interface (API) and a common data processing platform. enterprise. In the development of business models, considering the future development of distributed power systems in Japan and the two major social needs of the aging population structure, the new HEMS business model has been demonstrated in Meishan City, Fukuoka Prefecture. It includes four items based on HEMS data to predict the use of surplus electricity in PV in the region for surplus electricity purchase forecast, hydropower gas energy diagnosis, time electricity price planning, and HEMS data to ensure the health of the elderly and ensure home security.
The significance of the development of China's Internet of Things industry
First, energy management products must join other services to create value
How to make users demand and willing to pay to find a viable business model, which is an urgent problem for the future energy management industry. Energy conservation is difficult to attract consumers to buy, and energy management products can be used in tandem with other services to create more added value. In addition, the differences in family structure and cultural background in different regional markets often form different market demands. It is a subject that manufacturers must face in order to understand the needs of individual markets and find out the application of local characteristics.
Second, look for third-party vendors willing to absorb the cost of energy management services
Users do not have to pay for the purchase of products, and the related costs are absorbed by third-party manufacturers, which is a more feasible business model for the home energy management market. China's current electricity price is relatively low, and demand-side management measures have not yet spread to the family, and demand for HEMS products is limited. However, with the huge data collected by energy management products, it may provide more added value for power companies, builders, renewable energy system vendors, security and other third-party manufacturers. It will be a better cooperation for Chinese manufacturers. With sales objects.
Third, China's energy management market development environment remains to be established
The degree of liberalization of the electricity market environment, the promotion of power demand management, the popularity of renewable energy, the price of electricity, and whether there are government subsidies are all important conditions for cultivating the development of the household energy management market. To make China's energy management industry take off, the cooperation between energy policy and the power market environment is also very important.
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